The problem is that in bin/glnxa64, a symbolic link is converted to a regular file and needs to be recreated as a symbolic link to the proper library file. To do that, follow the commands below:

cd bin/glnxa64
rm libstdc++.so.6
ln -s libstdc++.so.6.0.13 libstdc++.so.6

Your library versions might differ a bit – change the file names correspondingly. Once done, you can go ahead and start your installation with ./install in the directory where your installation script is.

Solution source: http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/answers/56822-installation-probelms-r2012b-on-ubuntu-12-10-quantal